I’ve discussed several key tasks in building an intelligent agent, but they are far from being enough.  Let’s go back to Hal.
	In this short video clip, we see Hal perform several important tasks.  It hears the speech, analyzes the language, and understands it.  It also plans a course of action in a way that is intended to achieve its goals.  Each of these is a big and important area by itself.  In both, there has been recent work using techniques that are similar to the ones I mentioned.  I will take about perception in a moment.  For planning, some key tasks include representation, reasoning, and learning.  There has been tremendous progress on all three of these tasks in the past few years.